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A machine learning approach to discover migration modes and transition dynamics of heterogeneous dendritic cells
Taegeun Song, Yongjun Choi, Jae-Hyung Jeon* and Yoon-Kyoung Cho*
Dendritic cells (DCs) are responsible for initiating and controlling immune responses and exhibit a heterogeneous and dynamic migratory behavior that is important for their function. We used unsupervised machine learning to analyze long-term cell migration trajectories and identified three distinct migratory modes: slow-diffusive, slow-persistent, and fast-persistent. We found that the distribution and dynamic transitions of these modes are related to the maturation status of the DCs, with immature DCs exhibiting more frequent mode changes than mature DCs. Additionally, we observed that immature DCs follow a unicyclic transition from diffusive to persistent motility, while mature DCs show no directionality in their transitions. The study highlights the complexity of biological motility and the potential of machine learning to provide new insights into this process.
[130] J. Funct. Biomater. 14(2), 117 (2023)
Tuning the Extracellular Vesicles Membrane through Fusion for Biomedical Applications
Mamata Karmacharya, Sumit Kumar*, Yoon-Kyoung Cho*
EVs have a high loading capacity, bio-compatibility, and stability, making them ideal for producing effective drugs and diagnostics. The unique properties of fused EVs and the crucial design and development procedures that are necessary to realize their potential as drug carriers and diagnostic tools are examined. The promise of EVs in various stages of disease management highlights their potential role in future healthcare.
Invited review
[129] Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 224, 115057, (2023)
Integrated technologies for continuous monitoring of organs-on-chips: Current challenges and potential solutions
Jonathan Sabaté del Río, Jooyoung Ro , Heejeong Yoon, Tae-Eun Park*, Yoon-Kyoung Cho*
Organs-on-chips (OoCs) are biomimetic in vitro systems based on microfluidic cell cultures that recapitulate the in vivo physicochemical microenvironments and the physiologies and key functional units of specific human organs. Continuous monitoring of important quality parameters of OoCs via a label-free, non-destructive, reliable, high-throughput, and multiplex method is critical for assessing the conditions of these systems and generating relevant analytical data; moreover, elaboration of quality predictive models is required for clinical trials of OoCs. In this review, we describe recent efforts to integrate biosensing technologies into OoCs for monitoring the physiologies, functions, and physicochemical microenvironments of OoCs. Furthermore, we present potential alternative solutions to current challenges and future directions for the application of artificial intelligence in the development of OoCs and cyber-physical systems.
Invited review
[128] Small, https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202202962
Bridging the Gap between Nonliving Matter and Cellular Life
Sumit Kumar,Mamata Karmacharya,Yoon-Kyoung Cho*
Though synthetic micro or nanoreactors have been used to mimic life-like functions and to learn about the fundamental biology of natural cells, constructing a life-like structure out of non-living building blocks remains a considerable challenge. In this review, we focus on hybrid approaches that use both natural and synthetic materials to mimic and interface with biological systems. Using hybrid vesicle micro or nanoreactors, bioinspired life-like functions such as chemical compartments, cascade signaling, energy generation, growth, replication, and environmental adaptation are demonstrated. Here, we discuss the strategies for constructing cell membrane-engineered hybrid synthetic vesicles and their biomedical applications, as well as the remaining challenges and future research opportunities.
invited review
[127] Lab Chip, 22, 2726-274, (2022)
Prediction of tumor metastasis via extracellular vesicles-treated platelet adhesion on a blood vessel chip
Junyoung Kim, Vijaya Sunkara, Jungmin Kim, Jooyoung Ro, Chi-Ju Kim, Elizabeth Maria Clarissa, Sung Wook Jung, Hee Jin Lee, and Yoon-Kyoung Cho*
Here, we found that interleukin-8 (IL-8) in cancer-derived EVs contributed to platelet activation by increasing P-selectin expression and ligand affinity, resulting in increased platelet adhesion on the human vessel-mimicking microfluidic system. Furthermore, platelet adhesion levels on vessels treated with human plasma-derived EVs demonstrated good discrimination between breast cancer patients with metastasis and those without, with the area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.88. While EpCAM expression on EVs could detect the existence of a tumor (AUC = 0.89), it performed poorly in predicting metastasis (AUC = 0.42). We believe that these findings shed light on the role of the interaction between cancer-derived EVs and platelets in pre-metastatic niche formation and tumor metastasis, potentially leading to the development of platelet–tumor interaction-based novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
[126] Advance Materials, 34, 2200981 (2022)
SEEDING to Enable Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Biomarkers in Undiluted Biological Samples
Jonathan Sabaté del Río,Hyun-Kyung Woo,Juhee Park,Hong Koo Ha,Jae-Ryong Kim,Yoon-Kyoung Cho*
Electrochemical biosensors forf complex biological fluids such as plasma has been limited by the loss of sensitivity caused by biofouling. Herein, we demonstrate the preferential etching of chloride and surfactant-assisted anisotropic gold reduction to create homogeneous, nanostructured, and nanoporous gold electrodes, yielding 190 ± 20 times larger surface area within a minute without using templates. We named this process Surfactant-based Electrochemical Etch-Deposit Interplay for Nanostructure/Nanopore Growth (SEEDING). SEEDING on electrodes enhanced the sensitivity and anti-biofouling capabilities of amperometric biosensors, enabling direct analysis of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (tEVs) in complex biofluids with a limit of detection of 300 tEVs/μL from undiluted plasma and good discrimination between patients with prostate cancer from healthy ones with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.91 in urine and 0.90 in plasma samples.
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[125] Analyst, Analyst, 147, 2023-2034 (2022)
Recent advances in spheroid-based microfluidic models to mimic tumour microenvironment
Jooyoung Ro, Junyoung Kim, Yoon-Kyoung Cho
Three-dimensional (3D) multicellular spheroid models can recapitulate the human tumour microenvironment with more accuracy than conventional cell culture models, as they include complex architectural structures and dynamic cellular interactions. This review provides an overview of the advantages of 3D spheroid cultures with a summary of the recent applications for tumour microenvironment-focused cellular interactions, as well as the studies on spheroids and external stimuli. These 3D tumour spheroid-based microfluidic devices will provide a platform for a better understanding of cellular and external interactions, as well as the discovery of cancer therapeutics.
This article is part of the themed collections: Analyst Review Articles 2022 and Analyst HOT Articles 2022
[124] Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove. 2022 Feb(180). DOI: 10.3791/62836
Extracellular Vesicle Uptake Assay via Confocal Microscope Imaging Analysis
Chi-Ju Kim§*, Morgan D. Kuczler§, Liang Dong, Junyoung Kim, Sarah R. Amend, Yoon-Kyoung Cho*, Kenneth J. Pienta
EV uptake plays a role in intercellular communication in various research fields; cancer biology, neuroscience, and drug delivery. Fluorescently labeled EVs were prepared using a nano-filtration-based microfluidic device, Exodisc, visualized by 3D confocal microscopy, and then analyzed through advanced image-processing software. The protocol provides a robust methodology for analyzing EVs on a cellular level and a practical approach for efficient EV uptake analysis.
[123] Translational Oncology, 16 (2022), 101321
Clinical Significance of Circulating Tumor Cells in Unresectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas
Hyemin Kim, Chan Mi Heo, Jinmyeong Oh, Eun Mi Lee, Juhee Park, Se-Hoon Lee, Kwang Hyuck Lee, Kyu Taek Lee, Jong Kyun Lee, Yoon-Kyoung Cho, Joo Kyung Park
Here, we investigated whether longitudinal analysis of CTCs could monitor disease progression, response to chemotherapy, and survival in patients with unresectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
[122] Lab on a Chip, 22, 377-386 (2022)
Exhausted mature dendritic cells exhibit a slower and less persistent random motility but retain chemotaxis against CCL19
Yongjun Choi, Vijaya Sunkara, Yeojin Lee, and Yoon-Kyoung Cho*
The well-coordinated migration of DCs under various immunological or inflammatory conditions is
essential to ensure an effective immune response. Here, we studied the cellular migration of exhausted DCs in tissue-mimicked confined environments. We report a unique intrinsic cell migration behaviour of exhausted mature dendritic cells, which exhibit a slower, less persistent, and less diffusive random motility, which results in the DCs remaining at the site of infection, although a well preserved CCR7-dependent chemotactic motility is maintained.
[121] Cells, 10(12), 3362 (2021)
Dendritic Cell Migration Is Tuned by Mechanical Stiffness of the Confining Space
Yongjun Choi, Jae-Eun Kwon, and Yoon-Kyoung Cho*
Dendritic cells (DCs), the sentinels of the immune system, are exposed to complex tissue microenvironments with a wide range of stiffnesses. Here, immature DCs were found to navigate confined spaces in a rapid and persistent manner, surveying a wide range when covered with compliant gels mimicking soft tissues. However, the speed and persistence time of random motility were both decreased by confinement in gels with higher stiffness, mimicking skin or diseased, fibrotic tissue. Our study provides evidence for a role for environmental mechanical stiffness in the surveillance strategy of immature DCs in tissues.
[120] Lab on a Chip, 21, 4707-4715 (2021)
Fully automated light transmission aggregometry on a disc for platelet function tests
Chi-Ju Kim†, Jungmin Kim†, Jonathan Sabaté del Río, Dong Yeob Kia, Junyoung Kim, Yoon-Kyoung Cho*,
Platelet function tests, a group of assays that measure the ability of platelets to aggregate and promote clotting in a sample of blood, are performed in various medical fields to assess inherited platelet function disorders and monitor antiplatelet therapies. Here, we describe the design, fabrication, and operation of a centrifugal microfluidic disc that can perform a fully automated Light transmission aggregometry (LTA) assay from a small volume of a whole blood sample (<1 mL), achieving highly reproducible results (3.2% coefficient of variation) within a short period (<25 min). The assays performed with this device yield more precise and accurate results than traditional LTA because of the automation of the reaction steps, minimal human operation, and quick analysis that minimizes the adverse effects of platelet instability.
[119]J. Clin. Med., 10(19), 4481 (2021)
Circulating Tumor Cells and TWIST Expression in Patients with Metastatic Gastric Cancer: A Preliminary Study
Joon Hyung Jhi, Gwang Ha Kim*, Su Jin Park, Dong Uk Kim, Moon Won Lee, Bong Eun Lee, Chae Hwa Kwon, and Yoon-Kyoung Cho,
The clinical significance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and TWIST expression in CTCs remains unelucidated in patients with gastric cancer (GC). Here, we evaluated CTCs and TWIST expression in CTCs and explored their correlation with prognosis in patients with metastatic GC. Our study demonstrated that high levels of CTCs and TWIST (+) CTCs were associated with worse OS.
[118] Cancers 13, 21, 5272 (2021)
Circulating Tumor Cell Clusters Are Cloaked with Platelets and Correlate with Poor Prognosis in Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer
Minji Lim, Suhyun Park, Hyoung-Oh Jeong, Sung Hee Park, Sumit Kumar, Aelee Jang, Semin Lee, Dong Uk Kim*, Yoon-Kyoung Cho*
Despite recent advances, some patients with pancreatic cancer are refractory to treatment and the disease rapidly progresses, resulting in early death. The potential prognostic value of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has been demonstrated in other cancer types, but the clinical validity in pancreatic cancer remains elusive. Here, we show that CTC clusters, which show mesenchymal characteristics and platelet marker expression, are highly correlated with poor prognosis in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer.
[117] Nature Catalysis, 4, 763-774 (2021)
Programmed exosome fusion for energy generation in living cells
Sumit Kumar, Mamata Karmacharya, Issac J. Michael, Yongjun Choi, Junyoung Kim, InUn Kim & Yoon-Kyoung Cho*
The design of artificial organelles for applications in living cells faces several challenges such as cellular uptake, stability and bio compatibility. Here, fusion of exosomes creates beneficial nanoreactors and their use for compartmentalized biocatalytic cascade reactions in cells is demonstrated. Exosome membrane proteins were chemically engineered with a catechol moiety to drive fusion by supramolecular complexation to bridge the membranes. This strategy successfully encapsulated multiple enzymes and assembled the minimal electron transport chain in the plasma membrane, leading to tuneable, enhanced catalytic cascade activity capable of ATP synthesis inside of tissue spheroids. This nanoreactor was functional for many hours after uptake into living cells, showed successful penetration into tissue spheroids and repaired the damaged region by supplying ATP, all of which represent an advance in the mimicking of nature’s own organelles.
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